The Invisible Ramps and Khufu Pyramid Building

The Invisible Ramps AND Khufu Pyramid Building

How about these temporary ramps , which the Egyptians used to build the Pyramids ?

• This is a total invention , but it i has been repeated so many times that it became a fact , in most peoples' mind .
• Herodotus never such ramps . His historical account described the typical stone causeway between the vase of the Khufu's great pyramid and the Vally temple . Such a cause way was a permanent feature which was , as Herodotus described ,3300' (1006m) long , 60' (18m) wide and 48' (15m) high .
• Many scholars want to believe  that the only way to build the pyramid is by increasing both the height and length of a temporary ramp , as it was raised ti the successive levels on the pyramid .

Ancient Egyptians

Was it at least possible ?
No . The people who are stuck on the ramps theory , make reference to the temporary mud rump found at Sekhemket's Pyramid , In Saqqara . That ramp was only 23'97m) high and thy were hauling blocks of 9.8"*5.9*3.3" (25*15*10cm) weighing 50 - 100 pounds ( 22-45kg) apiece . You can't compare that to the height of the Khufu's pyramid of 481' (147m) and stone weighting from 2.5 tones to as high as 70 tones apiece .

The Danish civil engineer ,P.Garde-hanson , calculated that a ramp built all thee way to the top of the pyramid would require 17.5 million cubic yards of material (seven times the amount needed for the pyramid itself ) . A work force if 240,000 would have been needed to build such a ram with Khufu's reign .

To dismantle the ramp at t the completion of the pyramid it would have required a work force of 300,000 and further eight years . Such a huge amount of rubbish is not visible anywhere in the vicinity and was never mentioned by earlier historians .

After reaching such unbelievable figures , Grade-Hanson theorized a combination of a ramp and a lifting device . he theorized a ramp that reached halfway up the pyramid . At such a level , about 0 percent of the material needed for the pyramid would have been used . the second element of his modified theory . i.e .the mysterious lifting device of some kind , was and is still an unresolved question .

Hypothetically , if we agree with Grade-Hanson's theories , try to visualize the staggering figures : 4,000 year-round quarrymen producing 330 blocks per day. During inundation season , 4,000 blocks per day are transported to the Nile, ferried across , hauled up the ramp to the Giza plateau , and set into place in the core - at a rate of 6.67 blocks per minute ! Imagine 6.67 blocks every 60 seconds ! This rate is impossible to achieve . This is another reason to disregard the validity of the quarrying and ramp theories .

What is even more staggering is the case of Snefru (Khufu's father ) . If the two main pyramids at Dahshur are to be attributed to Snefru , and possibly a third pyramid at Meidum , it means that Snefru , in the course of his reign of twenty-four, was responsible for the quarrying transport , and dressing of several times the quantity of the Great Pyramid . Even trying to calculated . Even the lithe is too overwhelming .

Lastly , Diodorus Siculus (21B.C) , later Greek Historian visiting the pyramid s, stated , in Historical Library :

Egyptian Pyramids

"And the most remarkable part ... is that , though the surroundings land consists of nothing but sand , not a trace remains either of ramps or the dressing of stones , so that they do not appear ti have been made by the slaw hand of man but instead look like a sudden creation , as though they had been made by a god set down bodily in the sand .

We all know that the pyramids were man-made , but Diodorus affirms that there were no ramps .

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Khufu Pyramid Entrance

The Entering of Khufu's Pyramid

Why us this entrance so rough looking?
This is actually the entrance of the forced passage. The original entrance is over there, to the left of the forced entrance. It is that aperture beneath the huge limestone gables.

The Entering of Khufu's Pyramid

Why didn't they use the original entrance , which is only a very short distance fro the forced entry?

• The true entrance was covered with stone blocks for thousands of years, and therefor was invisible.
• People had been trying to enter the pyramid, for thousands o years, looking for possible gold and treasures.
• The Arab Caliph, Al Mamun, in the ninth century, unaware of the original entrance, forced his way through the solid stone in he sixth of masonry, which led him to the first interior passage of the pyramid , Only then , by tracking the interior passage, was he able to find the location of the true original entrance. The stone blocks, covering the entrance were then moved.

That must have been hard work , for Al Mamun, to cut through the stones.
It sure looks like it . The passage which Al Mamun cut was 118' (36m) long before he reached the junction of the original descending and ascending passages.

Are you saying nobody before Al Mamun had access to the interior of the Pyramid ?
That's correct. There is no evidence whatsoever, either on the outer surfaces of the pyramid or inside it, that suggests that someone had broken into the pyramids earlier.

Did any ancient historian refer to the interior passageways?
No , Herodotus never mentioned any passages. His Egyptian sources , around 500B.C., never mentioned them.

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Synthetic Blocks and Egyptian Pyramids Building Process

The Synthetic Blocks

The idea of molding the pyramid blocks is intriguing .
Let me help you with other information .

Ancient Egyptian Pyramid

In 1974 , a team from Stanford Research Institute (SRI) of Stanford University , Used electromagnetic sounding equipment to place to locate hidden rooms , The waves sent out , were absorbed by the high moisture content of the blocks . As a result , the mission failed .

How can the pyramid attract moisture in the midst of an arid desert area ?
Only concrete blocks retain moisture , which is further evidence showing that the pyramid blocks were synthetic and not quarried .


OK. Do you have more evidence ?
1 - The paper-thin mortar between the stone blocks does not provide measurable cohesive power bee tween the stone blocks . This paper -thin mortar is actually the result of excess water in the concert slurry . The weight of aggregates in the concrete mix squeezes watery cement to the surface , where it sets , to form the thin surface mortar layers .

2 - Organic fibers , air bubbles , and an artificial red coating are visible in some blocks . All are indicative of man-made , and not natural stone .

3- The top layers of several blocks are quite riddled with holes . The deteriorated layers didn't deteriorate .

In a concrete mix , air bubbles and excess watery binder rise i the top producing a lighter , weaker form . The rough top layer is always about the same size , regardless of the blocks .

This phenomena is evident at all the pyramids and temples of Giza , i.e. light weight , weathered and weak top portions , which is indicative of cast concrete ,and not natural stone .

4 - The largest blocks , all over Giza exhibit many lift wavy lines and not horizontal lines . Wavy lines result from casting concrete over several days (wok stops at end of each day , causing wavy lines .) Strata in the bedrock are horizontal and straight while wavy lines result when material is poured into a mold.

5 -Modern mortar consists exclusively if hydrated calcium sulfate .
Ancient Egyptian mortar is based on a silico-aluminate m a result of geopolymerization .

6- The only surviving record of the activities of Khufu's reign are scenes engraved in Sinai , indicating vigorous mining expeditions of arsenic minerals required for making stones .

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How Khufu's Pyramid was Built ?

Notice : There is not evidence about Great Khufu's Pyramid was built but there is some theories and we will discuss the most famous and common one

How the Khufu Great Pyramid was Built ?

How Khufu's Pyramid was Built ?

What is the "common theory about how the pyramid was built ?
To begin with , we should mention that the common theory has no historical evidence to support it . Many Egyptologists claim that there are no ancient Egyptian records from any period , which describe how how the pyramids were built . their error is that they have predetermined the construction method and are only seeking the records to affirm their theory .

Their 'invited' theory is that :
1 - The pyramid's core was built mostly of quarried local limestone blocks which were cemented by a paper thin layer of mortar .

2 - The core masonry was originally faced with fine-grained limestone , which was quarried from Tura on the east bank of the Nile and ferried across the Nile to the Site .

Herodotus the Greek historian (c.500B.C.0 provided a historical account of how the pyramid was built .remember that the pyramids were at least 2,000 years old at that time and Herodotus was listening to an Egyptian priest , telling him about events which were , handed down by word of mouth , for sixty generations .

Herodotus neither mentioned the source of the core masonry as local limestone nor that the pyramid blocks were carved . he stated that stones ( not necessary quarried blocks , but possibly stone rubble ) were brought to the site from east side of the Nile .

Her are excerpts from Herodotus's' account : " The work went on in three-month shifts , a hundred thousands men to a shift . It took ten years of this oppressive slaves labor to build the track a long which the stone was hauled - a work in my opinion , of hardly less magnitude the pyramid itself : for it is five furlongs (330ft=5/8mile) in length , sixty feet wide , forty feet high at it highest point , and constructed of polished stone decorated with carving of animals . "To build the pyramid itself took twenty years "

"This pyramids was built thus ; in the from of steps which some call crosae , and others call bromides . After preparing the foundation , they raised stones by using machines made of short planks of wood , which raised the stones from the ground to the first range of steps . On this range there was another machine which received the stones from the ground to the fist range of steps . On this range there was another machine which received the stone upon arrival . Another machine advanced the stone on the second step . Either there were as many machines as steps , or there was really only one m and portable , to reach each range in , succession whenever they wished to raise the higher . I am telling both possibilities because both were mentioned . "

I am confused about Herodotus ' statement that " they raised stones by using machines made of short planks of wood ". 

The Greek word , mechane , used by Herodotus , is a non-specific term indicating a type of advice .

A machine made of short planks of wood , does not make too much sense .
Many people ridiculed Herodotus for this description . it was actually the poor translation that caused the confusion . The translators have distorted the meaning of the Greek word , when they gave it a specific modern-day meaning .

When the word , mechane , is translated to mean a device such as mold , the whole description makes sense . Let us review it in such a from :

"... They raised stones by using molds made of short planks of wood , which raised the stones from the ground to the fist range of steps . On this range there was another mold which received the stone (rubble ) upon arrival . Another mold advanced the stone on the second step . Either there were as many molds as steps , or there was really only one , and portable , to reach each range in succession whenever they wished to raise the stone higher .

I am telling both possibilities because both were mentioned "

A mold can be considered as an apparatus or advice . If Herodotus was not familiar with the term 'mold' , he therefore used the more general term , 'mechane ' .

It makes sense , but i am nit totally convinced . So , are you saying that the stones here are man-made just like the stones in all previous pyramids ?
Yes , as we discussed earlier , when we were as Saqqara , ancient Egyptians a had the know-how ti manufacture , hard stones . This was evident in the 40,000 items of stone artifacts which found underneath Zoser's Step Pyramid . manufacturing high quality limestone concrete blocks was another application of their highly advanced chemical and metallurgical knowledge .

To add to the evidence that the blocks were are not natural stone but are high quality limestone concrete (synthetic stone) which was cast directly in place , let s consider the following undisputed facts . (Similar facts to those mentioned here are also applicable to all masonry pyramids . )

How the Khufu Great Pyramid was built ?

1 - The Great Pyramid contains approximately 2.6 million building blocs , weighing from two to seventy tones apiece .

2 - Almost none of the pyramid blocks match the Giza Plateau chemically or mineralogically .

3 - The bedrock of the Giza Plateau is made of strata , while the pyramid blocks contain no strata .

4 - Geologists and geochemists cannot agree on the origin of the pyramid blocks . German geochemists' research showed that the properties if the pyramid blocks match those of at least twenty different quarries all over Egypt . Their finding shatter the common theory that the core masonry of the pyramid was quarried from local bedrock . On the other hand , it is preposterous to think that the blocks were hauled from sites hundreds of miles a way from the pyramid site . In other words , the quarried stone blocks theory contradicts the physical evidence .

5 - Natural stone consists of fossil shells which lie horizontally or flat in the bedrock , as result of forming sidemen tray layers of bedrock over millions years. The Blocks of the masonry pyramids of Egypt show jumbled shells which is indicative of man -made cast stone . in any concrete ,the aggregate are jumbled m and as result , cast concrete is devoid of sedimentary layers .

These pyramids consisted essentially of fossil shell limestone , a heterogeneous material very difficult to cut precisely .

6 - There are about ten standard block lengths throughout the pyramid .Similarly , limited numbers of standard sizes apply in other pyramids , as will carving such highly uniform dimensions is impossible . However having standardized concrete forming molds is a more logical conclusion .

7 - It was found that the longest blocks in the pyramids always have the same length . This is extremely strong evidence in favor of the use of cast stone .

8 - Strata and defects make it impossible to cut stone to perfectly uniform dimensions .

9 - Copper tools ( which are soft metal ) , used by Egyptians at that time , cannot cut large granite or millions of limestone blocs , in a span of twenty years .

10- Limestone frequently splits during cutting . Faults and strata in bedrock assure that for every blocks cut to standard, art least one will crack or ve improperly sizes during quarrying .

Given the many millions of blocks of all these pyramids , there should be millions of crack blocks lying nearby or somewhere in Egypt , bit they are nowhere to be found . In short , no rubbish id cracked blocks means no quarrying .

Ancient historians , who documented their visits to Egypt ,have no mentioned heaps of broken blocks .

11- The scientists found that the bulk density of he pyramid blocks is 20% lighter than the local bedrock limestone , Cast blocks are always 20-25% lighter than natural rock . because they are full of air bubbles .

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Who Built the Great Pyramid ?

Who built this Great Pyramid of Giza?
The building of the pyramid is attributed to king Khnum - Khufu and generally known as Khufu (Cheops in Greek) who reigned ancient Egypt from (2551 - 2528b.C.)

Khufu Statue

When you say "attributed " do you mean that we don't know for sure ?
Yes . There are no official inscriptions whatsoever on inside or outside of this pyramid .

It is only circumstantial deviance , The inscriptions in the mastabas surrounding the pyramid , make several references to the name of Khufu . None of these references , however , refer specifically to Khufu as the builder of the pyramid . The Greek historian . Herodotus , attributed this pyramid to Khufu , based on the information provided to him by his priest informant , who was conveying information at least 2,000 years after the pyramid was built .

The Fictional Slaves and

Fictional Slaves - ancient egypt

Who are the people who built the Khufu Pyramid ?
Almost Almost no historical information exists about the builders if the pyramids , The alleged "tyranny of Cheops (Khufu ) " cited by the Greek historian Herodotus ( C.500B.c.) , was generally accepted , and even elaborated upon , by non-factually writers .

Firstly , there is no evidence to suggest that people were compelled to work against their will . Indeed , if anything , the opposite more probable . Upon rational reflection , it is reasonable ti suppose that they labored willingly . This is not hard to comprehend once the notion of the pyramid being a tomb is dismissed .The sheer quality of craftsmanship in the construction the pyramids suggested a prides suggested a pride in the work .

Secondly , rational scholars challenged the notion of slave labor m since managing such huge numbers of disgruntled slaves , gathered in one small area , would have been a potentially explosive task .

Thirdly , Herodotus reported that his Egyptian guide told him that Khufu's predecessor , Snefru , was a good king . Yet the three mighty pyramids at Dahshur and Meidum , attributed so Snefru , required much more stones and labor than that required for the Great pyramid itself . This is a major contradiction in Herodotus' accountant of the "tyrant" sand "good " Kings .

At the finish how can i answer next questions about the evidences about  Khufu's Pyramid:

This is too much evidence .
You now know the hard facts , based on the elements of the "common theory " of stone cutting , hauling , and hoisting , how can we logically answer the following question :

1 - How did they manage to make the sloping sides of he pyramids absolutely flat ?
2 - How did they make the four sloping sides meet at a perfect point at the summit?
3 - How did they make the tiers so level ?
4 - How did they cut the stones , so that they fit together so precisely ?
5 - What tools did they use ?
6 - How could the required number of workers (estimated at 240-300,000 people) maneuver on the confined building site ?
7 - How did they cut the blocks so uniform ?
8 - How did they place some of the heaviest blocks in the pyramid , at such great heights ?
9 - How wee 115,000 casing blocks all made to fit to hair's breadth and closer ?
10 - How was all the work done in about 20 years ??

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Khufu Pyramid Construction

Khufu Pyramid virtual tour - Khufu Pyramid Inside - Khufu Pyramid Height - Khufu Pyramid Construction

Khufu's great Pyramid form The Exterior

Khufu's Great Pyramid

Its base area is approximately 13 acres ( 53,000 sq. meters ) , enough i hold the cathedrals of Florence Milan and St.Peters a, as well Westminster Abbey and St. Paul's .

The sides if its vase are lined up almost exactly with the cardinal points of the compass , The average discrepancy of alignment is only .06% .

The length of the sides of the base vary within 0.08% accuracy limit .

The degrees of accuracy , in orientation towards the cardinal points , keeping the base square and the perfection of the four sloping sides , are incredible , considering the size of the structure.

The angle of elevation of 51 ْ50'35 " , expresses the transcendental number Z with very considerable precision , This particular angle yields the unique geometrical property that the ratio of the pyramids perimeter to its height is equal to 2Z where Z is the transcendental number 3.141. Some people insisted that this geometrical relationship had to be accidental . They claim hat the builder of the pyramids laid out its dimensions by rolling a drum along the ground . There is no evidence whatever that the Egyptians ever measured anything by rolling by a drum . The Egyptians laid out their temples by a well-known and often depicted method called "stretching the cord " .

Any logical person cannot expect that such an imaginary drum just happened to stop rolling at 377' (115m) , which is the center of the Great Pyramid . And nobody could except such a rolling drum to yield dimensions within a few millimeters of accuracy , 1/8 of one degree of the earth's latitude a at the equator .

Studies have revealed a wealth of geometric , mathematical and proportional properties such as :

Khufu's Great Pyramid

1 - The Pyramid acts as an enormous sundial . Its Shadow to the north , and it's reflected sunlight to the south , annually marked solstices ( long est and shortest days in the year) , and equinoxes ( days of equal day / night ) very accurately .

2 - Egyptians , since the very beginning of rerecorded history in ancient Egypt , knew dimensions of the earth . The Great Pyramid is , in some sense , a model of the earth . Contained within it are elements that relate to dimensions of the earth , Such as :

a - It's apex represented the pole and the perimeter that the ratio of the perimeter to the height is equal to (2* Z) .

b- The Great Pyramid represents the northern hemisphere , to a scale of 1:43,200 . This scale , for the northern hemisphere , represents in half of 86,400 . There are 86,400 seconds in 24 hours for both hemispheres .

C - The very small discrepancies (of several inches over the 754-foot length (230m) of the base) ere deliberate . they were meant to incorporate into the Pyramid the "discrepancies" of the itself, which is the flatting of the earth's globe at the poles .

The pyramid consists of 203 steps . The heights of the steps continually decrease from bottom to top .However , here hundreds of blocks weighting from fifteen (15) to thirty (30) tones situated near the "King's Chamber . Blocks of this size are so large that they occupy the space of two tiers

The pyramids as surrounding by and built partly upon a pavement it platform of limestone blocks. portions of which can be seen at the northern and eastern sides .

The pyramid symbolizes the creative principle of geometry , mathematics , astronomy , and astrology . the interior of the building may have served as a temple of initiation where men rose towards God and God descended towards man .

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Khufu Pharaoh Facts 2589 BC - 2566 BC

Khufu Pyramid - Khufu ship - Khufu mummy

Khufu pharaoh

Khufu pharaoh the owner of the largest Pyramid in the Ancient Egyptian history . Khufu's Pyramid on of the seven wonders of the world .

Khufu pharaoh Statue

He was the second pharaoh  in the 4th dynasty after Snefru pharaoh (The Fourth Dynasty Founder ) . Khufu ruled ancient egypt from (2589BC - 2566BC) more 23 years .

Khufu's Family 
Khufu's father : Snefru
Khufu's mother : Hetepheres
Khufu's brothers : Khufu , Ankhhaf , Kanefer , Nefermaat I , Netjeraperef , Rahotep , Ranefer and Iynefer I
Khufu's sisters : Nefertkau I , Hetepheres , Nefertnesu , Meritites I and Henutsen

Khufu's children 

Khufu's Sons :

• Kawab  : The Khufu and Meritites I's eldest son .
• Khafre : Khufu and Queen Henutsen's son
• Babaef I : Was Called Khnum-baf
• Khufukhaf I – son of Khufu and Henutsen
• Baufra , Djedefhor and Djedefra 

Khufu's Doughtier :

• Nefertiabet
• Hetepheres II : Was Khufu and Meritites I's Daughter, Married to Kawab, and later married to the pharaoh Djedefre.
• Meritites II – Married to Akhethotep (Director of the Palace).
• Khamerernebty I –  Was Menkaura's mother , married to Khafre .

It was the Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu, also known as the Greek name, Cheops, the second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty; He was built the Great Pyramid in Giza.

Khufu's Biography lets kow more confirmed details and secrets about Khufu Pyramid

Khufu Pyramid

The name of Khufu full Khnum - Khufu, which means (The God) Khnum protect me. "He was the son of Queen Hetepheres Sneferu and I believe he had three wives. He is famous for building the Great Pyramid at Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, but apart from this, we do not know very little about it. A statue in his only alive, ironically, the smallest piece of sculpture, the royal Egyptian discovered ever: 7.5 cm (3 inches) high statue of ivory found at Abydos.

The King Cheops to the throne, and perhaps during the twenties, and immediately began work on his pyramid. The entire project took about 23 full years, and during the time of the transfer of 2.3 million blocks, each block weighing an average of 2.5 tons. Was appointed his nephew prime Hemiunu construction of the Great Pyramid. It was the first pharaoh Khufu to build a pyramid in Giza. The sheer magnitude of this monument stands as testimony to his skills in leading the human and material resources of his country. And it is now believed the pyramids were built using labor instead of slaves recruited. The idea that Khufu used slaves to build the pyramid comes from the Greek historian Herodotus. It also describes Khufu as a leader cruel and wicked, who prostitutes his daughter when he ran short of money. But West car Papyrus describes Khufu as the property of Eastern traditional good-nature, amiable to his inferiors and those interested in the nature of human existence and magic.

Although not remember fondly, like his father, was still tracking the funerary cult of Khufu in Dynasty 26, and became increasingly popular during the period ROMANIAN.

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